Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol 49, 693-700, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
C Lovisolo and A Schubert
Modifications of vessel size and of shoot hydraulic conductivity induced by
different water availability levels (
ARTICLES
Effects of water stress on vessel size and xylem hydraulic conductivity in Vitis vinifera L
Dipartimento di Colture Arboree dell'Universita di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, I-10095 Grugliasco, Italy; Centro Miglioramento Genetico e Biologia della Vite, CNR, Torino, Italy; Corresponding author; e-mail: schubert@cvt.to.cnr.it
leaf -0.35 MPa, -0.6 MPa and
-0.8 MPa, respectively) were investigated in container-grown grapevine
plants. Plant water loss, measured as xylem sap flow and as leaf
transcription, was lower in water-stressed plants. Morphometric
measurements on xylem showed that vessels of water-stressed plants had
lower transectional areas. Shoot hydraulic conductivity
(kh), shoot specific conductivity
(ks) and leaf specific conductivity
(kl were lower in water-stressed plants. When
conductivities were measured on shoot portions, differences between
treatments were particularly high at the basal internodes. At the lower
stress level no embolism was detected, and reduced conductivity could be
explained by the reduction of vessel diameter, according to the Poiseuille
equation. At the higher stress level kh was further
reduced by formation of vessel embolisms. The tension gradient along the
shoot increased only at the higher stress level. Stomatal conductance was
linearly correlated with kl at low stress levels,
suggesting a concerted regulation of water flow, while at higher stress
levels stomatal conductance decreased with no changes of
kl. Reduced development of xylem vessels in grapevines
subjected to moderate water stress may contribute to the control of water
flow and to a reduction in vulnerability to xylem
embolism.Keywords: Sap flow rate, transpiration,
stomatal conductance, xylem vessel anatomy, vessel embolism.
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