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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol 49, 1603-1607, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press

ARTICLES

Short communication. Stomatal responses of the 'living fossil' Ginkgo biloba L. to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations

D Beerling, J McElwain and C Osborne
Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Corresponding author; Fax: +44 114 276 0159; E-mail: D.J.Beerling@Sheffield.ac.uk

Leaf stomatal density and index of Ginkgo biloba L. were both significantly (P<0.05) reduced after 3 years growth at elevated CO2 (560 ppm), with values comparable to those of cuticles prepared from Triassic and Jurassic fossil Ginkgo leaves thought to have developed in the high CO2 'greenhouse world' of the Mesozoic. A reciprocal transfer experiment indicated that reductions in stomatal density and index irreversibly reduced stomatal conductance, particularly at low leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficits and low internal leaf CO2 concentrations (Ci). These effects probably contributed to the high water-use efficiency of Ginkgo spp. in the Mesozoic relative to those of the present, as determined from carbon isotope measurements of extant and fossil cuticles.Keywords: Stomata, gas exchange, elevated CO2, fossils.
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