Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol 49, 1775-1788, Copyright © 1998 by Oxford University Press
D Allen, S Nogues and N Baker
This critical review of recent literature questions earlier predictions
that photosynthetic productivity of higher plants is vulnerable to
increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation as a result of stratospheric ozone
(O3) depletion. Direct UV-B-induced inhibition of photosynthetic competence
is observed only at high UV-B irradiances and primarily involves the loss
of soluble Calvin cycle enzymes and adaxial stomatal closure in
amphistomatous plants. However, even under these extreme UV-B exposures,
acclimation (e.g. induction of UV-B absorbing flavonoids) can protect the
photosynthetic processes. In plants irradiated with UV-B throughout
development a reduction in productivity is usually associated with a
reduced ability to intercept light (i.e. smaller leaf area) and not an
inhibition of photosynthetic competence. Finally, a review of field
experiments utilizing realistic UV-B enhancement is made to evaluate
whether the mechanisms involved in UV-B-induced depressions of
photosynthesis are likely to impact on the photosynthetic productivity of
crops and natural vegetation in the future. Predictions of plant responses
to O3 depletion are suspect from square-wave irradiance experiments due to
the increased sensitivity of plants to UV-B at relatively low
photosynthetically-active photon flux densities (PPFD) and ultraviolet-A
(UV-A) irradiances. Realistic modulated UV-B irradiances in the field do
not appear to have any significant effects on photosynthetic competence or
light-interception. It is concluded that O3 depletion and the concurrent
rise in UV-B irradiance is not a direct threat to photosynthetic
productivity of crops and natural vegetation.Key
words: Biomass, development, ozone depletion, photosynthesis,
ultraviolet-B.
ARTICLES
Review article. Ozone depletion and increased UV-B radiation: is there a real threat to photosynthesis?
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK; Present address: United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL 61801-3838, USA; Corresponding author e-mail: baken@essex.ac.uk
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