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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 51, No. 343, pp. 239-248, January 2000
© 2000 Oxford University Press

The influence of supra-optimal root-zone temperatures on growth and stomatal conductance in Capsicum annuum L.

I.C. Dodd1,3, J. He2, C.G.N. Turnbull1, S.K. Lee2 and C. Critchley1

1 Department of Botany, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
2 School of Science, Nanyang Technological University, 469 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 259756

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants were grown aeroponically in a Singapore greenhouse under natural diurnally fluctuating ambient shoot temperatures, but at two different root-zone temperatures (RZTs): a constant 20±2 °C RZT and a diurnally fluctuating ambient (A) (25–40 °C) RZT. Plants grown at 20-RZT had more leaves, greater leaf area and dry weight than A-RZT plants. Reciprocal transfer experiments were conducted between RZTs to investigate the effect on plant growth, stomatal conductance (gs) and water relations. Transfer of plants from A-RZT to 20-RZT increased plant dry weight, leaf area, number of leaves, shoot water potential ({Psi}shoot), and gs; while transfer of plants from 20-RZT to A-RZT decreased these parameters. Root hydraulic conductivity was measured in the latter transfer and decreased by 80% after 23 d at A-RZT. Transfer of plants from 20-RZT to A-RZT had no effect on xylem ABA concentration or xylem nitrate concentration, but reduced xylem sap pH by 0.2 units. At both RZTs, gs measured in the youngest fully expanded leaves increased with plant development. In plants with the same number of leaves, A-RZT plants had a higher gs than 20-RZT plants, but only under high atmospheric vapour pressure deficit. The roles of chemical signals and hydraulic factors in controlling gs of aeroponically grown Capsicum plants at different RZTs are discussed.

Key words: Capsicum, root temperature, growth, high-temperature stress, stomata, chemical signalling.


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