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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 52, No. 360, pp. 1519-1526, July 1, 2001
© 2001 Oxford University Press

Original Papers

Sulphur nutrition affects delivery and metabolism of S in developing endosperms of wheat

M.A. Fitzgerald1,2,3, T.D. Ugalde2 and J.W. Anderson1

1 School of Botany, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia
2 Institute of Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture, Agriculture Victoria, Tatura 3616, Victoria, Australia

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of S nutrition and availability on the forms of S and N in the endosperm cavity and endosperm of wheat, and on the capacity of the endosperm to utilize those compounds for the synthesis of proteins. Plants were grown in solution culture with 2 mM N and either 200 µM S (high-S) or 50 µM S (low-S) and all nutrients were withdrawn at various times from booting until 8 d post-anthesis. Sulphate was the major form of soluble S in the endosperm cavity and endosperm of high-S plants during the time of rapid grain development. By contrast, glutathione (GSH) was the major form of soluble S in the endosperm cavity and in the endosperm in low-S plants. Crude extracts of endosperm tissue from both high-S and low-S plants supported (i) the hydrolysis of GSH to {gamma}-glutamyl cysteine and glycine, and of {gamma}-glutamyl cysteine to glutamate and cysteine, and (ii) sulphate-dependent PPi-ATP exchange and the sulphydration of O-acetylserine catalysed by ATP sulphurylase and cysteine synthase, respectively. High-S nutrition enhanced the in vitro rates of ATP sulphurylase and cysteine synthase.

Key words: Endosperm cavity, endosperm, glutathione, methionine, sulphate, sulphur metabolism, wheat grains.


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