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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 52, No. 364, pp. 2227-2234, November 1, 2001
© 2001 Oxford University Press

Original Papers

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) response to broomrape (Orobanche cernua Loefl.) parasitism: induced synthesis and excretion of 7-hydroxylated simple coumarins

Khadija Serghini1, Alejandro Pérez de Luque1, Mercedes Castejón-Muñoz2, Luis García-Torres2 and Jesús V. Jorrín1,3

1 Agricultural and Plant Biochemistry Research Group, Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, ETSIAM, University of Córdoba, Apdo 3048, 14080 Córdoba, Spain
2 Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC, Córdoba, Spain

The interaction of the parasitic plant Orobanche cernua with resistant and susceptible cultivars of Helianthus annuus L. was investigated. Using different bioassays to evaluate the early stages of the parasite life cycle (germination, attachment, penetration, and establishment), differences were observed between O. cernua-resistant and O. cernua-susceptible sunflower varieties. Germination of O. cernua seeds in the presence of resistant sunflower roots was approximately half that of germination in the presence of susceptible roots, and germinated seeds displayed enhanced browning symptoms. Parasite radicles or host-tissue around the contact point turned brown after O. cernua attachment to sunflower roots, especially in the resistant varieties. These observations suggested the possible accumulation of toxic compounds as a defence strategy in the resistant sunflower varieties. Sunflower 7-hydroxylated simple coumarins may play a defensive role against O. cernua parasitism by preventing successful germination, penetration and/or connection to the host vascular system. This hypothesis is supported by the following data: (i) coumarins inhibited the in vitro germination of O. cernua seeds induced by the strigol analogue GR24 and caused a browning reaction in germinated seeds and (ii) resistant sunflowers accumulated higher levels of coumarins in roots and excreted greater amounts than susceptible varieties in response to O. cernua infection.

Key words: Coumarins, Orobanche, plant defence, plant stress, sunflower.


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