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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 53, No. 366, pp. 139-146, January 1, 2002
© 2002 Oxford University Press

Original Papers

Leaf–atmosphere NH3 exchange of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in relation to mineral N nutrition and symbiotic N2 fixation

Beat Herrmann1, Marie Mattsson2, Jürg Fuhrer1 and Jan K. Schjoerring2,3

1 Swiss Federal Research Station for Agroecology and Agriculture, Zuerich-Reckenholz and Liebefeld-Bern, Schwarzenburgstrasse 155, Liebefeld, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland
2 Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark

Plant–atmosphere NH3 exchange was studied in white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Seminole) growing in nutrient solution containing 0 (N2 based), 0.5 (low N) or 4.5 (high N) mM The aim was to show whether the NH3 exchange potential is influenced by the proportion of N2 fixation relative to supply. During the treatment, inhibition of N2 fixation by was followed by in situ determination of total nitrogenase activity (TNA), and stomatal NH3 compensation points ({chi}NH3) were calculated on the basis of apoplastic concentration ([]) and pH. Whole-plant NH3 exchange, transpiration and net CO2 exchange were continuously recorded with a controlled cuvette system. Although shoot total N concentration increased with the level of mineral N application, tissue and apoplastic [] as well as {chi}NH3 were equal in the three treatments. In NH3-free air, net NH3 emission rates of <1 nmol m-2 s-1 were observed in both high-N and N2-based plants. When plants were supplied with air containing 40 nmol mol-1 NH3, the resulting net NH3 uptake was higher in plants which acquired N exclusively from symbiotic N2 fixation, compared to grown plants. The results indicate that symbiotic N2 fixation and mineral N acquisition in white clover are balanced with respect to the pool leading to equal {chi}NH3 in plants growing with or without At atmospheric NH3 concentrations exceeding {chi}NH3, the NH3 uptake rate is controlled by the N demand of the plants.

Key words: Ammonia, apoplast, clover, compensation point, nitrogen fixation.


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