Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 54, No. 381, pp. 355-363,
January 2, 2003
© 2003 Oxford University Press
Spermidine and related-metabolic inhibitors modulate sugar and amino acid levels in Vitis vinifera L.: possible relationships with initial fruitlet abscission
Received 4 April 2002; Accepted 13 September 2002
Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne (URVVC), UPRES EA 2069, UFR Sciences, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, F-51687 REIMS cedex 2, France
1 Fax: +33 326 913 342. E-mail: aziz.aziz{at}univ-reims.fr
Abbreviations: CHA, cyclohexylamine; DAO, diamine oxidase; Dap, 1,3-diaminopropane; GABA, 
-aminobutyric acid; HEH, ß-hydroxyethylhydrazine. MRT, Merlot; PN, Pinot noir; PA(s), polyamine(s); PAO, polyamine oxidase; Put, putrescine; Spd, spermidine; Spm, spermine.
The relationships between free polyamines (PAs), sugar and amino acid status were investigated in cuttings from two cultivars of Vitis vinifera L., Pinot noir (PN), a low abscising cultivar and Merlot (MRT), a high abscising one. In both cultivars free PAs decreased in inflorescences, but more drastically in MRT plants. Upon anthesis, this was associated with a decreased sugar content, especially sucrose, and an increase in total free amino acids. Thereafter, sucrose and amino acids showed opposite trends. In addition, darkening the PN plants at full flowering resulted in a dramatic decrease of PAs and sugars in inflorescences, but an increase in amino acid content, followed by high abscission. The concept that initial fruitlet abscission might be regulated by free PAs through changes in primary metabolites was hypothesized. Hence, the application of exogenous spermidine (Spd), but not putrescine (Put), prior to flowering markedly inhibits abscission. The Spd treatment also increased soluble sugar content but reduced amino acids in both leaves and inflorescences, while Put had no significant effect. By contrast, cyclohexylamine and ß-hydroxyethylhydrazine, as potent inhibitors of Spd synthase and PA-oxidases, respectively, exerted inverse effects on sugar, amino acid and abscission levels. Sucrose and free proline seemed to be highly sensitive to these treatments. This study suggests that Spd could regulate fruitlet abscission in grapevine by modulating, in a reverse way, the levels of sugars and amino acids in inflorescences.
Key words: Abscission, amino acids, grapevine, polyamines, proline, spermidine, sucrose, sugars.
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