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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 54, No. 387, pp. 1505-1510, June 1, 2003
© 2003 Oxford University Press

Review Article

Measuring antioxidants in tree species in the natural environment: from sampling to data evaluation

Received 18 November 2002; Accepted 18 March 2003

Michael Tausz3,1, Astrid Wonisch1, Dieter Grill1, Domingo Morales2 and Maria Soledad Jiménez2

1 Institut für Pflanzenphysiologie, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 51, A-8010 Graz, Austria
2 Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38207 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

3 To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +43 316 380 9880. E-mail: michael.tausz{at}uni-graz.at

Biochemical measurements of antioxidants and protective pigments have been successfully introduced as markers of environmental stress in field studies (mainly forest studies). A guideline for field sampling and analysis methods is required to allow better comparison of data from different studies. The present review paper recommends HPLC methods for the analysis of ascorbate and glutathione (in oxidized and reduced form), tocopherols, and chloroplast pigments. Methodological variations are substantially lower (coefficients of variance of repeated extractions typically 4–9%) than biological variations of field samples (typical variation coefficients 8–36%), hence special emphasis is put on considerations of sampling standardization in the field with respect to sample time (seasonal and diurnal) and representative sampling of individuals and tissues. Following the suggestions in this paper would enable researchers to produce results that could be compared with those of several forest studies on conifers published in recent years. A larger data-set available for multivariate statistical evaluations (e.g. principal component analysis and cluster analysis) will enhance the diagnostic value of such investigations.

Key words: Antioxidants, ascorbate, carotenoids, glutathione, pigments, principal component analysis, stress markers, tocopherol.


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