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JXB Advance Access originally published online on April 28, 2003
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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 54, No. 387, pp. 1523-1535, June 1, 2003
© 2003 Oxford University Press

Genetic manipulation of glycine decarboxylation

Received 2 October 2002; Accepted 11 March 2003

Hermann Bauwe1, and Üner Kolukisaoglu

Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +49 381 498 6112. E-mail: hermann.bauwe{at}biologie.uni-rostock.de
Abbreviations: CH2-THF, N5,N10-methylene tetrahydrofolate; GDC, glycine decarboxylase; LPD, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase; SHMT, serine hydroxymethyltransferase.

The glycine–serine interconversion, catalysed by glycine decarboxylase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase, is an important reaction of primary metabolism in all organisms including plants, by providing one-carbon units for many biosynthetic reactions. In plants, in addition, it is an integral part of the photorespiratory metabolic pathway and produces large amounts of photorespiratory CO2 within mitochondria. Although controversial, there is significant evidence that this process, by the relocation of glycine decarboxylase within the leaves from the mesophyll to the bundle-sheath, contributed to the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. In this review, some aspects of current knowledge about glycine decarboxylase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase and the role of these enzymes in metabolism, about the corresponding genes and their expression as well as about mutants and anti-sense plants related to these genes or processes will be summarized and discussed. From a comparison of the available information about the number and organization of GDC and SHMT genes in the genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa it appears that these and, possibly, other genes related to photorespiration, are similarly organized even in only very distantly related angiosperms.

Key words: Arabidopsis, genetic engineering, glycine decarboxylase, mutant analysis, one-carbon metabolism, photo respiration, photosynthesis, serine hydroxymethyltransferase,


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