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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 54, No. 391, pp. 2293-2305, October 1, 2003
© 2003 Oxford University Press

Physiological and antioxidant responses of cotton and spurred anoda under interference and mild drought

Received 20 December 2002; Accepted 20 June 2003

H. Harish Ratnayaka*,1, William T. Molin2 and Tracy M. Sterling1

1Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, Skeen Hall, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
2Southern Weed Science Research Unit, PO Box 350, Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA

* Present address and to whom correspondence should be sent. Department of Biology, Xavier University, Box 85B, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA. Fax: +1 504 485 7918. E-mail: hratnaya{at}xula.edu

The influence of plant interference and a mild drought on gas exchange and oxidative stress was investigated using potted plants of two cotton species (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Delta Pine 5415, and Gossypium barbadense L. cv. Pima S-7) and spurred anoda (Anoda cristata L. Schlecht.) of the Malvaceae. Without interference, cotton and spurred anoda had similar net photosynthesis (Pnet) but different pigment profiles. Stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) were greater in spurred anoda than cotton. Net photosynthesis and biomass in cotton were reduced more by spurred anoda interference than by intraspecific interference. With interference, the xanthophyll cycle conversion state and {alpha}-tocopherol levels increased in cotton, but remained unchanged in spurred anoda. Catalase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were not influenced by plant interference. Without interference, spurred anoda had lower APX, and similar catalase and GR activities compared with cotton. Mild drought increased APX activity more than 40% in cotton, and 26% in spurred anoda. Upon drought recovery, drought-induced APX activity was still higher in cotton, and GR activity was higher in previously drought-stressed cotton and spurred anoda plants compared with well-watered plants. The greater impact of spurred anoda interference than intraspecific interference on cotton biomass is due mainly to reduced carbon gain in cotton.

Key words: Environmental stress, gas exchange, oxidative stress, plant competition.


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