Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 54, No. 392, pp. 2449-2456,
November 1, 2003
© 2003 Oxford University Press
The role of ethylene during the infection of Nicotiana tabacum by Colletotrichum destructivum
Received 20 February 2003; Accepted 2 July 2003
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +1 519 837 0442. E-mail: pgoodwin{at}uoguelph.ca
Abbreviations: ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; ACO, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase; ACS, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase; EIX, ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase; GFP, green fluorescent protein; HPI, hours post-inoculation; HR, hypersensitive reaction; PR, pathogenesis-related proteins; TMV, tobacco mosaic virus.
Two periods of increased ethylene production were observed after inoculation of Nicotiana tabacum by Colletotrichum destructivum. This pathogen exhibits an intracellular hemibiotrophic infection process, with a biotrophic phase followed by a necrotrophic phase. Ethylene production first increased during the biotrophic phase with a peak at 24 h before the necrotrophic phase. A second increase in ethylene occurred late in the necrotrophic phase when the lesions were expanding. Two different 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase genes showed increased expression after the first ethylene peak with a maximum at 24 h before the second ethylene increase. Expression of an 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) gene increased during the first ethylene peak and then declined at the beginning of the second ethylene increase. A second ACO gene showed relatively little change in expression during infection with slightly higher expression at 24 h before the second ethylene increase, and a third ACO gene showed a progressive decline in expression with a major decrease occurring before the second ethylene increase. Inoculation of ethylene-insensitive tobacco with C. destructivum revealed that it was more susceptible than the wild type. The changes in ethylene production and associated gene expression as well as the increased disease susceptibility of ethylene-insensitive tobacco indicate that ethylene plays a role in this interaction, perhaps as a signalling molecule to trigger defense mechanisms.
Key words: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase, Colletotrichum destructivum, ethylene, Nicotiana tabacum.
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