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JXB Advance Access originally published online on October 29, 2003
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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 54, No. 393, pp. 2601-2613, December 1, 2003
© 2003 Oxford University Press

Transition metal transporters in plants

Received 25 May 2003; Accepted 2 September 2003

J. L. Hall*, and Lorraine E. Williams

School of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +44 (0)23 8059 4459. E-mail: jlh3{at}soton.ac.uk

Transition metals such as Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn are essential minerals for normal plant growth and development, although they can be toxic when present in excess. Thus, for healthy plant growth, a range of transition metals must be acquired from the soil, distributed around the plant, and their concentrations carefully regulated within different cells and organelles. Membrane transport systems are likely to play a central role in these processes. The application of powerful genetic and molecular techniques has now identified a range of gene families that are likely to be involved in transition metal transport. These include the heavy metal ATPases (HMAs), the Nramps, the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family, the ZIP family, and the cation antiporters. This review provides a broad overview of the range of potential transport systems now thought to be involved in the uptake, distribution and homeostasis of transition metals in plants.

Key words: CDF family, heavy metal ATPases, membrane transport, Nramp, transition metals, ZIP family.


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