JXB Advance Access originally published online on October 29, 2003
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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 54, No. 393, pp. 2615-2622,
December 1, 2003
© 2003 Oxford University Press
Characterization of expression, and cloning, of ß-D-xylosidase and 
-L-arabinofuranosidase in developing and ripening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit
Received 15 April 2003; Accepted 24 July 2003
1 Laboratory of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553 Japan
2 Department of Botany, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +81 857 31 6749. E-mail: itai{at}muses.tottori-u.ac.jp
Modifications to the cell wall of developing and ripening tomato fruit are mediated by cell wall-degrading enzymes, including a ß-D-xylosidase or 
-L-arabinofuranosidase, which participate in the breakdown of xylans and/or arabinoxylans. The activity of both enzymes was highest during early fruit growth, before decreasing during later development and ripening. Two ß-D-xylosidase cDNAs, designated LeXYL1 and LeXYL2, and an -L-arabinofuranosidase cDNA, designated LeARF1, were obtained. Accumulation of mRNAs for ß-D-xylosidase and -L-arabinofuranosidase was examined during fruit development and ripening. LeARF1 and LeXYL2 genes were relatively highly expressed during fruit development and decreased after the onset of ripening. By contrast, LeXYL1 was not expressed during fruit development, but was expressed later, particularly during over-ripening. The expression of all three genes was also followed in ripening-impaired mutants, Nr, Nr2, nor, and rin of cv. Ailsa Craig fruit. LeXYL2 mRNA was detected in the ripe fruits of all the mutants and its abundance was similar to that in mature green wild-type fruit. By contrast, LEXYL1 mRNA was expressed only in the ripe fruits of the Nr mutant, suggesting that the two ß-D-xylosidase genes are subject to distinct regulatory control during fruit development and ripening. LeARF1 mRNA was detected in ripe fruits of Nr2, nor and rin, and not in ripe fruit of the Nr mutant. The accumulation of LeARF1 in ripe fruit was restored by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an inhibitor of ethylene action, while 1-MCP had no effect on the expression of LeXYL1 or LeXYL2. This suggests that LeARF1 expression is subject to negative regulation by ethylene and that the two ß-D-xylosidase genes are independent of ethylene action.
Key words: -L-Arabinofuranosidase, cell walls, ethylene, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), tomato fruit ripening, ß-D-xylosidase.
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