JXB Advance Access originally published online on March 26, 2004
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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 55, No. 399, pp. 1033-1044, May 1, 2004
© 2004 Oxford University Press
Regulation of Growth, Development and Whole Organism Physiology |
Tissue and cellular phosphorus storage during development of phosphorus toxicity in Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae)
Received 20 October 2003; Accepted 19 January 2004
1 School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
2 CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +61 8 6488 1108. E-mail: hlambers{at}cyllene.uwa.edu.au
Storage of phosphorus (P) in stem tissue is important in Mediterranean Proteaceae, because proteoid root growth and P uptake is greatest during winter, whereas shoot growth occurs mostly in summer. This has prompted the present investigation of the P distribution amongst roots, stems, and leaves of Hakea prostrata R.Br. (Proteaceae) when grown in nutrient solutions at ten P-supply rates. Glasshouse experiments were carried out during both winter and summer months. For plants grown in the low-P range (0, 0.3, 1.2, 3.0, or 6.0 µmol d–1) the root [P] was > stem and leaf [P]. In contrast, leaf [P] > stem and root [P] for plants grown in the high-P range (6.0, 30, 60, 150, or 300 µmol P d–1). At the highest P-supply rates, the capacity for P storage in stems and roots appears to have been exceeded, and leaf [P] thereafter increased dramatically to approximately 10 mg P g–1 dry mass. This high leaf [P] was coincident with foliar symptoms of P toxicity which were similar to those described for many other species, including non-Proteaceae. The published values (tissue [P]) at which P toxicity occurs in a range of species are summarized. X-ray microanalysis of frozen, full-hydrated leaves revealed that the [P] in vacuoles of epidermal, palisade and bundle-sheath cells were in the mM range when plants were grown at low P-supply, even though very low leaf [P] was measured in bulk leaf samples. At higher P-supply rates, P accumulated in vacuoles of palisade cells which were associated with decreased photosynthetic rates.
Key words: Cluster roots, cryoSEM, proteoid roots, X-ray microanalysis.
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