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JXB Advance Access originally published online on March 12, 2004
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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 55, No. 400, pp. 1207-1211, May 1, 2004
© 2004 Oxford University Press

Electron Transport Processes

FRAP analysis of photosynthetic membranes

Received 5 December 2003; Accepted 19 January 2004

Conrad W. Mullineaux*

Department of Biology, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

* Fax: +44 (0)20 7679 7096. E-mail c.mullineaux{at}ucl.ac.uk

Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP) is a technique widely used in cell biology to observe the dynamics of biological systems, including the diffusion of membrane components. More information is needed on the dynamics of photosynthetic membranes in order to help to understand processes such as photosynthetic electron transport, regulation of light-harvesting, and biogenesis and turnover of the photosynthetic apparatus. FRAP has the potential to provide this information, although applying the technique to photosynthetic membranes is not always straightforward. This review explains the potential and the problems, and gives a brief guide to performing FRAP measurements and analysing the data.

Key words: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, confocal micro scopy, cyanobacteria, diffusion, Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP), green algae, Synechococcus sp., photosynthesis, thylakoid membrane.


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