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JXB Advance Access originally published online on July 16, 2004
Journal of Experimental Botany 2004 55(404):1765-1773; doi:10.1093/jxb/erh206
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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 55, No. 404, © Society for Experimental Biology 2004; all rights reserved

RESEARCH PAPER

Plant sulphate transporters: co-ordination of uptake, intracellular and long-distance transport

Peter Buchner1,*, Hideki Takahashi2 and Malcolm J. Hawkesford1

1Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
2RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +44 (0)1582 763010. E-mail: peter.buchner{at}bbsrc.ac.uk

Proton/sulphate co-transport in the plasma membrane of root cells is the first step for the uptake of sulphate from the environment by plants. Further intracellular, cell-to-cell and long-distance transport must fulfil the requirements for sulphate assimilation and source/sink demands within the plant. A gene family of sulphate transporters, which may be subdivided into five groups, has been identified with examples from many different plant species. For at least two groups, proton/sulphate co-transport activity has been confirmed. It appears that each group represents sulphate transporters with distinct kinetic properties, patterns of expression, and cell/tissue specificity related to specific roles in the uptake and allocation of sulphate. High-affinity sulphate uptake and low-affinity vascular transport, as well as vacuolar efflux, are controlled by the nutritional status of the plant. Most notably there is an apparent increase in capacity for cellular sulphate uptake and vacuolar efflux when sulphur supply is limiting. Within the groups, the individual sulphate transporters may be further subdivided by differences in temporal, cellular and tissue expression. Many of the transporters are regulated by the nutritional status of the individual tissues, to optimize sulphate movement within and between sink and source organs.

Key words: Expression, gene family, nutritional regulation, sulphate, transport


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