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JXB Advance Access originally published online on July 16, 2004
Journal of Experimental Botany 2004 55(404):1927-1937; doi:10.1093/jxb/erh192
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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 55, No. 404, © Society for Experimental Biology 2004; all rights reserved

RESEARCH PAPER

Interactions between selenium and sulphur nutrition in Arabidopsis thaliana

P. J. White1,*, H. C. Bowen1, P. Parmaguru1, M. Fritz1, W. P. Spracklen1, R. E. Spiby1, M. C. Meacham1, A. Mead1, M. Harriman2, L. J. Trueman1, B. M. Smith1, B. Thomas1 and M. R. Broadley3

1Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK
2Norsk Hydro, ASA, N-0240 Oslo, Norway
3Plant Science Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +44 (0) 24 7657 4500. E-mail: philip-j.white{at}warwick.ac.uk

Selenium (Se) is an essential plant micronutrient, but is toxic at high tissue concentrations. It is chemically similar to sulphur (S), an essential plant macronutrient. The interactions between Se and S nutrition were investigated in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Arabidopsis plants were grown on agar containing a complete mineral complement and various concentrations of selenate and sulphate. The Se/S concentration ratio in the shoot ([Se]shoot/[S]shoot) showed a complex dependence on the ratio of selenate to sulphate concentration in the agar ([Se]agar/[S]agar). Increasing [S]agar increased shoot fresh weight (FW) and [S]shoot, but decreased [Se]shoot. Increasing [Se]agar increased both [Se]shoot and [S]shoot, but reduced shoot FW. The reduction in shoot FW in the presence of Se was linearly related to the shoot Se/S concentration ratio. These data suggest (i) that Se and S enter Arabidopsis through multiple transport pathways with contrasting sulphate/selenate selectivities, whose activities vary between plants of contrasting nutritional status, (ii) that rhizosphere sulphate inhibits selenate uptake, (iii) that rhizosphere selenate promotes sulphate uptake, possibly by preventing the reduction in the abundance and/or activity of sulphate transporters by sulphate and/or its metabolites, and (iv) that Se toxicity occurs because Se and S compete for a biochemical process, such as assimilation into amino acids of essential proteins.

Key words: Mutants, phylogeny, selenate, sulphate, toxicity, uptake


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