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JXB Advance Access originally published online on September 10, 2004
Journal of Experimental Botany 2004 55(406):2251-2259; doi:10.1093/jxb/erh252
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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 55, No. 406, © Society for Experimental Biology 2004; all rights reserved

RESEARCH PAPER

SOR1, a gene associated with bioherbicide production in sorghum root hairs

Xiaohan Yang1, Brian E. Scheffler2,3 and Leslie A. Weston1,*

1Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
2USDA-ARS-NPURU, National Center for Natural Products Research, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
3USDA-ARS-CGRU, MSA Genomics Laboratory, 141 Experiment Station Rd., Stoneville, MS 38776, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +1 607 255 9998. E-mail: law20{at}cornell.edu

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] roots exude a potent bioherbicide known as sorgoleone, which is produced in living root hairs and is phytotoxic to broadleaf and grass weeds at concentrations as low as 10 µM. Differential gene expression was studied in sorghum (S. bicolorxS. sudanense) cv. SX17 between roots with abundant root hairs and those without root hairs using a modified differential display approach. A differentially expressed gene, named SOR1, was cloned by using Rapid Amplification of the 5' ends of cDNA (5'-RACE). Real-time PCR analysis of multiple tissues of sorghum SX17 revealed that the SOR1 transcript level in root hairs was more than 1000 times higher than that of other tissues evaluated, including immature leaf, mature leaf, mature stem, panicle, and roots with hairs removed. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that SOR1 was expressed in the sorgoleone-producing roots of sorghum SX17, shattercane [S. bicolor (L.) Moench], and johnsongrass [S. halepense (L.) Pers.], but not in the shoots of sorghum or in the roots of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) ‘Summer Flavor 64Y’, in which sorgoleone production was not detected by HPLC analysis. Similarity searches indicated that SOR1 probably encodes a novel desaturase, which might be involved in the formation of a unique and specific double bonding pattern within the long hydrocarbon tail of sorgoleone.

Key words: Allelopathy, differential display, gene cloning, real-time PCR, root exudates, root hair, sorghum, sorgoleone


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