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JXB Advance Access originally published online on November 22, 2004
Journal of Experimental Botany 2005 56(411):365-373; doi:10.1093/jxb/eri023
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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 56, No. 411, © Society for Experimental Biology 2004; all rights reserved

RESEARCH PAPER

Molecular design of the photosystem II light-harvesting antenna: photosynthesis and photoprotection

Peter Horton* and Alexander Ruban

Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +44 (0)114 222 2787. E-mail: p.horton{at}sheffield.ac.uk

The photosystem II (PSII) light-harvesting system carries out two essential functions, the efficient collection of light energy for photosynthesis, and the regulated dissipation of excitation energy in excess of that which can be used. This dual function requires structural and functional flexibility, in which light-harvesting proteins respond to an external signal, the thylakoid {Delta}pH, to induce feedback control. This process, referred to as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) depends upon the xanthophyll cycle and the PsbS protein. In nature, NPQ is heterogeneous in terms of kinetics and capacity, and this adapts photosynthetic systems to the specific dynamic features of the light environment. The molecular features of the thylakoid membrane which may enable this flexibility and plasticity are discussed.

Key words: Light-harvesting complex, non-photochemical quenching, photoprotection, thylakoid membrane, xanthophyll cycle


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