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JXB Advance Access originally published online on February 2, 2005
Journal of Experimental Botany 2005 56(413):1007-1016; doi:10.1093/jxb/eri094
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© The Author [2005]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved.

RESEARCH PAPER

Ethylene and flower longevity in Alstroemeria: relationship between tepal senescence, abscission and ethylene biosynthesis

Carol Wagstaff1,4 *, Usawadee Chanasut1, Frans J. M. Harren2, Luc-Jan Laarhoven2, Brian Thomas3, Hilary J. Rogers4 and Anthony D. Stead1,{dagger}

1School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
2Life Science Trace Gas Facility, Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, University of Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
3Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Warwick HRI, Wellesbourne, Warwickshire CV35 9EF, UK
4Cardiff School of Biosciences, Main Building, Cardiff University, PO Box 915, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK

{dagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +44 (0)1784 470756. E-mail: a.stead{at}rhul.ac.uk

Senescence of floral organs is broadly divided into two groups: those that exhibit sensitivity to exogenous ethylene and those that do not. Endogenous ethylene production from the former group is via a well-characterized biochemical pathway and is either due to developmental or pollination-induced senescence. Many flowers from the order Liliales are characterized as ethylene-insensitive since they do not appear to produce endogenous ethylene, or respond to exogenous ethylene treatments, however, the majority of cases studied are wilting flowers, rather than those where life is terminated by perianth abscission. The role of ethylene in the senescence and abscission of Alstroemeria peruviana cv. Rebecca and cv. Samora tepals was previously unclear, with silver treatments recommended for delaying leaf rather than flower senescence. In the present paper the effects of exogenous ethylene, 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA) and silver thiosulphate (STS) treatments on tepal senescence and abscission have been investigated. Results indicate that sensitivity to ethylene develops several days after flower opening such that STS only has a limited ability to delay tepal abscission. Detachment force measurements indicate that cell separation events are initiated after anthesis. Endogenous ethylene production was measured using laser photoacoustics and showed that Alstroemeria senesce independently of ethylene production, but that an extremely small amount of ethylene (0.15 nl flower–1 h–1) is produced immediately prior to abscission. Investigation of the expression of genes involved in ethylene biosysnthesis by semi-quantitative RT-PCR indicated that transcriptional regulation is likely to be at the level of ACC oxidase, and that the timing of ACC oxidase gene expression is coincident with development of sensitivity to exogenous ethylene.

Key words: Abscission, Alstroemeria, chloroethylphosphonic acid, ethylene, photoacoustics, RT-PCR, senescence, sensitivity, silver thiosulphate


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