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JXB Advance Access originally published online on February 28, 2005
Journal of Experimental Botany 2005 56(414):1213-1220; doi:10.1093/jxb/eri115
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© The Author [2005]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved.

RESEARCH PAPER

Root cell patterning: a primary target for aluminium toxicity in maize

Snezhanka Doncheva *, Montserrat Amenós, Charlotte Poschenrieder and Juan Barceló{dagger}

Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain

{dagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +34 935812003. E-mail: juan.barcelo{at}uab.es

The short-term influence (5–180 min) of 50 µM Al on cell division was investigated in root tips of two Zea mays L. varieties differing in Al-resistance. The incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into S-phase nuclei was visualized by immunofluorescence staining using confocal laser fluorescence microscopy. In Al-sensitive plants 5 min Al exposure was enough to inhibit cell division in the proximal meristem (250–800 µm from the tip). After 10 or 30 min with Al only, a few S-phase nuclei were found in the cortical initials. By contrast, cell division was stimulated in the distal elongation zone (2.5–3.1 mm). After 180 min the protrusion of an incipient lateral root was observed in this zone. These observations suggest a fast change in cell patterning rather than a general cariotoxic effect after exposure to Al for a short time. No such changes were found in Al-resistant maize. This is the first report showing such fast Al-induced alterations in the number and the position of dividing cells in root tips. The observation that similar changes were induced by a local supply of naphthylphthalamic acid to the distal transition zone suggests that inhibition of auxin transport plays a role in the Al-induced alteration of root cell patterning.

Key words: Aluminium toxicity, auxin, cell division, naphthylphthalamic acid, root development, Zea mays L


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