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JXB Advance Access originally published online on May 23, 2005
Journal of Experimental Botany 2005 56(417):1905-1912; doi:10.1093/jxb/eri185
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© The Author [2005]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org

RESEARCH PAPER

Existence of two parallel mechanisms for glucose uptake in heterotrophic plant cells

Ed Etxeberria1,3,*, Pedro González1, Patricia Tomlinson2 and Javier Pozueta-Romero3

1University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Horticultural Sciences Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850-2299, USA
2Department of Biological Sciences, Berry College, Mt. Berry GA, 30149, USA
3Agrobioteknologia eta Natura Baliabideetako Instituta, Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Mutiloako etorbidea zembaki gabe, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +1 863 956 4631. E-mail: eje{at}crec.ifas.ufl.edu

The implied existence of two mechanisms for glucose uptake into heterotrophic plant cells was investigated using the fluorescent glucose derivative 2-NBDG (2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose), two membrane impermeable fluorescent markers (3000 mol. wt. dextran-Texas Red (d-TR) and Alexa-488), hexose carrier and endocytic inhibitors (phloridzin and wortmannin-A, respectively), and fluorescent and confocal microscopy. Both phloridzin and wortmannin-A significantly reduced the uptake of 2-NBDG into sycamore cultured cells, which was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy. Phloridzin prevented 2-NBDG uptake exclusively into the cytosol, whereas the wortmannin-A effect was more general, with 2-NBDG uptake into the vacuole being the more affected. Simultaneous incubation of cells in the membrane-impermeable fluorescent probes Alexa-488 and d-TR for 24 h resulted in co-localization of the labelling in the central vacuole and other endosomal compartments. Cytoplasts, cells devoid of vacuoles, were instrumental in demonstrating the transport of 2-NBDG by separate uptake mechanisms. In cytoplasts incubated simultaneously in 2-NBDG and d-TR for 2 h, a green fluorescent cytosol was indicative of transport of hexoses across the plasmalemma, while the co-localization of 2-NBDG and d-TR in internal vesicles demonstrated transport via an endocytic system. The absence of vesicles when cytoplasts were pre-incubated in wortmannin-A authenticated the endocytic vesicular nature of the co-shared 2-NBDG and d-TR fluorescent structures. In summary, uptake of 2-NBDG occurs by two separate mechanisms: (i) a plasmalemma-bound carrier-mediated system that facilitates 2-NBDG transport into the cytosol, and (ii) an endocytic system that transports most of 2-NBDG directly into the vacuole.

Key words: Cytoplasts, endocytosis, hexose symporter, photoassimilate transport, vacuole


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