JXB Advance Access originally published online on July 12, 2005
Journal of Experimental Botany 2005 56(419):2365-2378; doi:10.1093/jxb/eri229
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RESEARCH PAPER |
Salt tolerance in wild Hordeum species is associated with restricted entry of Na+ and Cl– into the shoots
1School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
2CRC for Plant-Based Management of Dryland Salinity, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
3Genetic Resources Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +61 8 6488 1108. E-mail: tdcolmer{at}cyllene.uwa.edu.au
Eight wild Hordeum species: H. bogdanii, H. intercedens, H. jubatum, H. lechleri, H. marinum, H. murinum, H. patagonicum, and H. secalinum, and cultivated barley (H. vulgare) were grown in nutrient solution containing 0.2 (control), 150, 300, or 450 mol m–3 NaCl. In saline conditions, the wild Hordeum species (except H. murinum) had better Na+ and Cl– ‘exclusion’, and maintained higher leaf K+, compared with H. vulgare. For example, at 150 mol m–3 NaCl, the K+:Na+ in the youngest, fully expanded leaf blades of the wild Hordeum species was, on average, 5.2 compared with 0.8 in H. vulgare. In H. marinum grown in 300 mol m–3 NaCl, K+ contributed 35% to leaf 
, whereas Na+ and Cl– accounted for only 6% and 10%, respectively. By comparison, in H. vulgare grown at 300 mol m–3 NaCl, K+ accounted for 19% and Na+ and Cl– made up 21% and 25% of leaf , respectively. At 300 mol m–3 NaCl, glycinebetaine and proline together contributed almost 15% to in the expanding leaf blades of H. marinum, compared with 8% in H. vulgare. Decreased tissue water content under saline conditions made a substantial contribution to declines in leaf in the wild Hordeum species, but not in H. vulgare. A number of the wild Hordeum species were markedly more salt tolerant than H. vulgare. H. marinum and H. intercedens, as examples, had relative growth rates 30% higher than H. vulgare in 450 mol m–3 NaCl. Hordeum vulgare also suffered up to 6-fold more dead leaf material (as a proportion of shoot dry mass) than the wild Hordeum species. Thus, several salt-tolerant wild Hordeum species were identified, and these showed an exceptional capacity to ‘exclude’ Na+ and Cl– from their shoots.
Key words: Asparagine, barley (Hordeum vulgare), Cl–, glycinebetaine, K+, Na+, proline, osmotic potential, salt tolerance, Triticeae, wild relatives
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