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JXB Advance Access originally published online on November 1, 2005
Journal of Experimental Botany 2005 56(422):3137-3147; doi:10.1093/jxb/eri311
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© The Author [2005]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. The online version of this article has been published under an Open Access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the Open Access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and the Society for Experimental Biology are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

RESEARCH PAPER

A novel gene family in Arabidopsis encoding putative heptahelical transmembrane proteins homologous to human adiponectin receptors and progestin receptors

Ming-Hsiun Hsieh1,* and Howard M. Goodman2

1Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
2Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +886 2 2782 7954. E-mail: ming{at}gate.sinica.edu.tw

A novel seven-transmembrane receptor family, that is comprised of human adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) and membrane progestin receptors (mPRs) that share little sequence homology with all known G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), has been identified recently. Although a fish mPR has been suggested to be a GPCR, human AdipoRs seem to be structurally and functionally distinct from all known GPCRs. The identification of a novel gene family, the heptahelical protein (HHP) gene family, encoding proteins in Arabidopsis predicted to have a heptahelical transmembrane topology is reported here. There are at least five HHP genes in Arabidopsis whose encoded amino acid sequences have significant similarities to human AdipoRs and mPRs.The expression and regulation of the Arabidopsis HHP gene family has been studied here. The expression of the HHP gene family is differentially regulated by plant hormones. Steady-state levels of HHP1 mRNA are increased by treatments with abscisic acid and gibberellic acid, whereas levels of HHP2 mRNA are increased by abscisic acid and benzyladenine treatments. In addition, the expression of the HHP gene family is up-regulated by the presence of sucrose in the medium. Temperature and salt stress treatments also differentially affect the expression of the HHP genes. These novel seven-transmembrane proteins previously described in yeast and animals, and now identified in plants, may represent a new class of receptors that are highly conserved across kingdoms.

Key words: Arabidopsis thaliana, G protein-coupled receptors, plant hormones, seven-transmembrane proteins, signal transduction


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