JXB Advance Access originally published online on June 22, 2006
Journal of Experimental Botany 2006 57(10):2211-2226; doi:10.1093/jxb/erj186
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Published by Oxford University Press [2006] on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details)
RESEARCH PAPER |
Stomatal lock-open, a consequence of epidermal cell death, follows transient suppression of stomatal opening in barley attacked by Blumeria graminis
1Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, UK
2University of Wales Aberystwyth, Institute of Biological Sciences, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 2DA, UK
*To whom correspondence should be addressed at Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Alameda del Obispo, Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14080 Córdoba, Spain. E-mail: bb2prpee{at}uco.es
Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh) attack disrupted stomatal behaviour, and hence leaf water conductance (gl), in barley genotypes Pallas and Risø-S (susceptible), P01 (with Mla1 conditioning a hypersensitive response; HR), and P22 and Risø-R (with mlo5 conditioning papilla-based penetration resistance). Inoculation caused some stomatal closure well before the fungus attempted infection. Coinciding with epidermal cell penetration, stomatal opening in light was also impeded, although stomata of susceptible and mlo5 lines remained largely able to close in darkness. Following infection, in susceptible lines stomata closed in darkness but opening in light was persistently impeded. In Risø-R, stomata recovered nearly complete function by 
30 h after inoculation, i.e. after penetration resistance was accomplished. In P01, stomata became locked open and unable to close in darkness shortly after epidermal cells died due to HR. In the P22 background, mlo5 penetration resistance was often followed by consequential death of attacked cells, and here too stomata became locked open, but not until 24 h after pathogen attack had ceased. The influence of epidermal cell death was localized, and only affected stomata within one or two cells distance. These stomata were unable to close not only in darkness but also after application of abscisic acid and in wilted leaves suffering drought. Thus, resistance to Bgh based on HR or associated with cell death may have previously unsuspected negative consequences for the physiological health of apparently ‘disease-free’ plants. The results are discussed in relation to the control of stomatal aperture in barley by epidermal cells.
Key words: Barley, Blumeria, hypersensitive response, papilla, powdery mildew, stoma, stomatal conductance, stomatal lock-up
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  N. Gottig, B. S. Garavaglia, L. D. Daurelio, A. Valentine, C. Gehring, E. G. Orellano, and J. Ottado Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri uses a plant natriuretic peptide-like protein to modify host homeostasis PNAS, November 25, 2008; 105(47): 18631 - 18636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. A. J. Mur, P. Kenton, A. J. Lloyd, H. Ougham, and E. Prats The hypersensitive response; the centenary is upon us but how much do we know? J. Exp. Bot., February 1, 2008; 59(3): 501 - 520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Chaerle, I. Leinonen, H. G. Jones, and D. Van Der Straeten Monitoring and screening plant populations with combined thermal and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging J. Exp. Bot., March 1, 2007; 58(4): 773 - 784. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|