JXB Advance Access originally published online on November 9, 2006
Journal of Experimental Botany 2006 57(15):4189-4200; doi:10.1093/jxb/erl195
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RESEARCH PAPER |
Pre-haustorial resistance to broomrape (Orobanche cumana) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus): cytochemical studies
1Agricultural and Plant Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
2IFAPA-CICE (Junta de Andalucía), CIFA ‘Alameda del Obispo’, Área de Mejora y Biotecnología, Apdo. 3092, E-14080 Córdoba, Spain
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: bb2maala{at}uco.es
Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) is a root holoparasitic angiosperm considered as one of the major constraints for sunflower production in Mediterranean areas. Breeding for resistance is regarded as the most effective, feasible, and environmentally friendly solution to control this parasite. However, the existing sources of genetic resistance are defeated by the continuous emergence of new more virulent races of the parasite. In this work, the interaction between sunflower and O. cumana has been analysed in order to gain insights into the mechanisms involved in resistance. Two sunflower genotypes were selected showing different behaviour against the new race F of O. cumana, HE-39998 (susceptible) and HE-39999 (resistant), and both compatible and incompatible interactions were compared. Pot and Petri dish bioassays revealed that only HE-39998 plants were severely affected, supporting a high number of successfully established broomrapes to mature flowering, whereas in HE-39999 root tubercles were never observed, resistance being associated with browning symptoms of both parasite and host tissues. Histological aspects of the resistance were further investigated. Suberization and protein cross-linking at the cell wall were seen in the resistant sunflower cells in contact with the parasite, preventing parasite penetration and connection to the host vascular system. In addition, fluorescence and confocal laser microscopy (CLM) observations revealed accumulation of phenolic compounds during the incompatible reaction, which is in agreement with these metabolites playing a defensive role during H. annuus–O. cumana interaction.
Key words: Confocal laser microscopy, defence responses, Helianthus annuus, histology, Orobanche cumana, parasitic plants, phenolics, protein cross-linking, resistance, suberization
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