JXB Advance Access originally published online on March 2, 2006
Journal of Experimental Botany 2006 57(5):1079-1095; doi:10.1093/jxb/erj095
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RESEARCH PAPER |
The short-term growth response to salt of the developing barley leaf
1Division of Biological Sciences, University of Paisley, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
2Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa Research Centre, 450054 Ufa, Russia
3Department of Plant Biochemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
4Crop Performance and Improvement Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
5Institute for Cellular und Molecular Botany, Bonn University, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
6Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wieland02fricke{at}yahoo.co.uk
Recent results concerning the short-term growth response to salinity of the developing barley leaf are reviewed. Plants were grown hydroponically and the growth response of leaf 3 was studied between 10 min and 5 d following addition of 100 mM NaCl to the root medium. The aim of the experiments was to relate changes in variables that are likely to affect cell elongation to changes in leaf growth. Changes in hormone content (ABA, cytokinins), water and solute relationships (osmolality, turgor, water potential, solute concentrations), gene expression (water channel), cuticle deposition, membrane potential, and transpiration were followed, while leaf elongation velocity was monitored. Leaf elongation decreased close to zero within seconds following addition of NaCl. Between 20 and 30 min after exposure to salt, elongation velocity recovered rather abruptly, to about 46% of the pre-stress level, and remained at the reduced rate for the following 5 d, when it reached about 70% of the level in non-stressed plants. Biophysical and physiological analyses led to three major conclusions. (i) The immediate reduction and sudden recovery in elongation velocity is due to changes in the water potential gradient between leaf xylem and peripheral elongating cells. Changes in transpiration, ABA and cytokinin content, water channel expression, and plasma membrane potential are involved in this response. (ii) Significant solute accumulation, which aids growth recovery, is detectable from 1 h onwards; growing and non-growing leaf regions and mesophyll and epidermis differ in their solute response. (iii) Cuticular wax density is not affected by short-term exposure to salt; transpirational changes are due to stomatal control.
Key words: Abscisic acid, aquaporin, cell elongation, cuticle, cytokinin, epidermis, Hordeum vulgare, leaf development, membrane potential, solute and water transport
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