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JXB Advance Access originally published online on May 12, 2006
Journal of Experimental Botany 2006 57(8):1769-1776; doi:10.1093/jxb/erj184
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

RESEARCH PAPER

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and glutathione: key players in the legume–Rhizobium symbiosis

Nicolas Pauly, Chiara Pucciariello, Karine Mandon, Gilles Innocenti, Alexandre Jamet, Emmanuel Baudouin, Didier Hérouart, Pierre Frendo and Alain Puppo*

Interactions Plantes–Microorganismes et Santé Végétale, UMR CNRS 6192/INRA 1064/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 400, route des Chappes, BP 167, F-06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: puppo{at}unice.fr

Several reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are continuously produced in plants as by-products of aerobic metabolism or in response to stresses. Depending on the nature of the ROS and RNS, some of them are highly toxic and rapidly detoxified by various cellular enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. Whereas plants have many mechanisms with which to combat increased ROS/RNS levels produced during stress conditions, under other circumstances plants appear to generate ROS/RNS as signalling molecules to control various processes encompassing the whole lifespan of the plant such as normal growth and development stages. This review aims to summarize recent studies highlighting the involvement of ROS/RNS, as well as the low molecular weight thiols, glutathione and homoglutathione, during the symbiosis between rhizobia and leguminous plants. This compatible interaction initiated by a molecular dialogue between the plant and bacterial partners, leads to the formation of a novel root organ capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen under nitrogen-limiting conditions. On the one hand, ROS/RNS detection during the symbiotic process highlights the similarity of the early response to infection by pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria, addressing the question as to which mechanism rhizobia use to counteract the plant defence response. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that ROS are needed to establish the symbiosis fully. On the other hand, GSH synthesis appears to be essential for proper development of the root nodules during the symbiotic interaction. Elucidating the mechanisms that control ROS/RNS signalling during symbiosis could therefore contribute in defining a powerful strategy to enhance the efficiency of the symbiotic interaction.

Key words: Glutathione, homoglutathione, Medicago truncatula–Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis, nitrogen fixation, reactive nitrogen species, reactive oxygen species


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