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JXB Advance Access originally published online on June 1, 2007
Journal of Experimental Botany 2007 58(10):2471-2478; doi:10.1093/jxb/erm104
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© 2007 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details)

RESEARCH PAPER

Modulation of flower colour by rationally designed dominant-negative chalcone synthase

Mamatha Hanumappa1,* {dagger}, Goh Choi1, Sunhyo Ryu1 and Giltsu Choi2

1Kumho Life and Environmental Science Laboratory, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
2Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hanumappam{at}missouri.edu

The intensity of flower colour, mainly determined by the amount of anthocyanin, is an important horticultural trait. To modulate flower colour intensity, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS)-based technology has been widely used. The constraint of PTGS, however, is that it requires a high degree of conservation in the nucleotide sequences of the target and the silencer. Further, it is difficult to restrict PTGS to the desired tissue or organ due to its systemic spread. To overcome these problems, dominant-negative chalcone synthase (CHS) enzymes have been developed by mutating a cysteine that is essential for the catalytic activity and a methionine that protrudes into the adjoining CHS monomer, as shown through crystallography. The dominant-negative action of mutated CHS enzymes from Mazus japonicus are demonstrated using transgenic Arabidopsis. Also, the modulation of Petunia flower colour intensity by the dominant-negative CHS is shown. The data support the crystallography result showing the importance of the protruding methionine for the function of the adjoining CHS monomer. Furthermore, the modulation of anthocyanin production by the mutated Mazus CHS in Arabidopsis and petunia suggests that the dominant-negative CHS can be used even in distantly related species.

Key words: Anthocyanin, dominant-negative chalcone synthase, flavonoid, flower colour, metabolic engineering

{dagger} Present address: 25 Ag Building, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.

Received 20 December 2006; Revised 4 April 2007 Accepted 17 April 2007


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