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JXB Advance Access originally published online on December 22, 2006
Journal of Experimental Botany 2007 58(3):733-741; doi:10.1093/jxb/erl249
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

RESEARCH PAPER

Identification of differentially expressed genes in Malus domestica after application of the non-pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Bk3 to the phyllosphere

Sophia Kürkcüoglu1, Juliana Degenhardt2, Julia Lensing1, Abdul Nasser Al-Masri1 and Achim E. Gau1,*

1Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Botany, Herrenhäuserstr. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
2Embrapa Clima Temperado, BR 392 Km 78 CP-403, CEP 96001-970 Pelotas/RS, Brasil

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: achim.gau{at}botanik.uni-hannover.de

Biological control of plant diseases by the application of antagonistic micro-organisms to the plant phyllosphere is only marginally understood. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used for the identification of genes expressed after application of the non-pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Bk3 to the phyllosphere of the apple scab-susceptible cultivar Malus domestica cv. Holsteiner Cox. In total, 157 expressed sequence tag (EST) clones were obtained. The sequencing of 113 ESTs which have a significantly elevated transcript level and the comparison of the obtained sequences with databases revealed similarities to different classes of pathogenesis-related proteins, for example, RNase-like PR10 protein and endochitinase, or similarities to proteins expressed under stress conditions that could have a protective function, for example, a germin-like protein, glutathione S-transferase, thioredoxin-like proteins, and heat shock proteins. In addition, several transcripts were identified that code for proteins which have a crucial role at different stages of pathogen recognition and in signalling pathways or an as yet unknown function in plant defence. The results show that a number of transcripts encoding proteins/enzymes which are known to be up-regulated after pathogen infection are also up-regulated after the application of a non-pathogenic bacterium to a M. domestica cultivar. The expression of these proteins might increase the plant resistance towards pathogen infection and damage.

Key words: Biological control, pathogenesis-related proteins, suppression subtractive hybridization, systemic acquired resistance

Received 9 October 2006; Accepted 25 October 2006


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