JXB Advance Access originally published online on January 17, 2007
Journal of Experimental Botany 2007 58(5):993-1000; doi:10.1093/jxb/erl259
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RESEARCH PAPER |
Iron deficiency differently affects metabolic responses in soybean roots*
Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, University of Milano, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: graziano.zocchi{at}unimi.it
Iron deficiency responses were investigated in roots of soybean, a Strategy I plant species. Soybean responds to iron deficiency by decreasing growth, both at the root and shoot level. Chlorotic symptoms in younger leaves were evident after a few days of iron deficiency, with chlorophyll content being dramatically decreased. Moreover, several important differences were found as compared with other species belonging to the same Strategy I. The main differences are (i) a lower capacity to acidify the hydroponic culture medium, that was also reflected by a lower H+-ATPase activity as determined in a plasma membrane-enriched fraction isolated from the roots; (ii) a drastically reduced activity of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase enzyme; (iii) a decrease in both cytosolic and vacuolar pHs; (iv) an increase in the vacuolar phosphate concentration, and (v) an increased exudation of organic carbon, particularly citrate, phenolics, and amino acids. Apparently, in soybean roots, some of the responses to iron deficiency, such as the acidification of the rhizosphere and other related processes, do not occur or occur only at a lower degree. These results suggest that the biochemical mechanisms induced by this nutritional disorder are differently regulated in this plant. A possible role of inorganic phosphate in the balance of intracellular pHs is also discussed.
Key words: Fe(III)-chelate reductase, Glycine max L., intracellular pH, iron deficiency, PM H+-ATPase
* This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor John B Hanson, a great scientist, who passed away on 23 October 2006.
Received 18 March 2006; Revised 17 September 2006 Accepted 26 October 2006