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JXB Advance Access originally published online on February 21, 2007
Journal of Experimental Botany 2007 58(6):1397-1405; doi:10.1093/jxb/erm001
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© The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

RESEARCH PAPER

Salicylic acid activates nitric oxide synthesis in Arabidopsis

Michela Zottini1,*, Alex Costa1, Roberto De Michele1, Maria Ruzzene2, Francesco Carimi3 and Fiorella Lo Schiavo1

1Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131 Padova, Italy
2Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35121 Padova, Italy
3Istituto di Genetica Vegetale, Palermo (CNR), Corso Calatafimi 414, I-90128 Palermo, Italy

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mzottini{at}bio.unipd.it

The relationship between nitric oxide (NO) and salicylic acid (SA) was investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here it is shown that SA is able to induce NO synthesis in a dose-dependent manner in Arabidopsis. NO production was detected by confocal microscopic analysis and spectrofluorometric assay in plant roots and cultured cells. To identify the metabolic pathways involved in SA-induced NO synthesis, genetic and pharmacological approaches were adopted. The analysis of the nia1,nia2 mutant showed that nitrate reductase activity was not required for SA-induced NO production. Experiments performed in the presence of a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor suggested the involvement of NOS-like enzyme activity in this metabolic pathway. Moreover, the production of NO by SA treatment of Atnos1 mutant plants was strongly reduced compared with wild-type plants. Components of the SA signalling pathway giving rise to NO production were identified, and both calcium and casein kinase 2 (CK2) were demonstrated to be involved. Taken together, these results suggest that SA induces NO production at least in part through the activity of a NOS-like enzyme and that calcium and CK2 activity are essential components of the signalling cascade.

Key words: Arabidopsis thaliana, Atnos1, casein kinase 2, nia1,nia2, nitrate reductase, nitric oxide, salicylic acid signals

Received 10 November 2006; Revised 28 December 2006 Accepted 5 January 2007


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