JXB Advance Access originally published online on April 2, 2007
Journal of Experimental Botany 2007 58(7):1843-1849; doi:10.1093/jxb/erm047
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© 2007 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details)
RESEARCH PAPER |
Both chloronemal and caulonemal cells expand by tip growth in the moss Physcomitrella patens
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: liam.dolan{at}bbsrc.ac.uk
Tip growth is a mode of cell expansion in which all growth is restricted to a small area that forms a tip in an elongating cell. In green plants, tip growth has been shown to occur in root hairs, pollen tubes, rhizoids, and caulonema. Each of these cell types has a longitudinally elongated shape, longitudinally oriented microtubules and actin microfilaments, and a characteristic cytoplasmic organization at the growing tip which is required for growth. Chloronema are elongated cylindrical shaped cells that form during the development of the moss protonema. Since there are no published reports on the precise mode of chloronema elongation and conflicting interpretations of its cytology, the mechanism of cell growth has remained unclear. To determine if chloronema elongate by tip or diffuse growth, time-lapse light microscopy was employed to follow the movement of fluorescent microspheres attached to the surface of growing cells. It is shown here that chloronemal cells elongate by a form of tip growth. However, the slower growth of chloronema compared with caulonema is probably the result of differences in cytological organization of the growing tip.
Key words: Caulonema, chloronema, diffuse growth, fluorescent beads, Physcomitrella patens, time-lapse, tip growth
Received 16 November 2006; Revised 29 January 2007 Accepted 21 February 2007
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