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JXB Advance Access originally published online on November 26, 2007
Journal of Experimental Botany 2008 59(2):147-154; doi:10.1093/jxb/erm244
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© The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

FOCUS PAPER

Nitric oxide function and signalling in plant disease resistance

Jeum Kyu Hong1, Byung-Wook Yun1, Jeong-Gu Kang1, Muhammad Usman Raja1, Eunjung Kwon1, Kirsti Sorhagen1, Chengcai Chu2, Yiqin Wang1,2 and Gary J. Loake1,*

1Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
2Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Daturn Road, Andingmenwai 100101, Beijing, China

* To whom correspondence should be addressed: gloake{at}ed.ac.uk

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of only a handful of gaseous signalling molecules. Its discovery as the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) by Ignarro revolutionized how NO and cognate reactive nitrogen intermediates, which were previously considered to be toxic molecules, are viewed. NO is now emerging as a key signalling molecule in plants, where it orchestrates a plethora of cellular activities associated with growth, development, and environmental interactions. Prominent among these is its function in plant hypersensitive cell death and disease resistance. While a number of sources for NO biosynthesis have been proposed, robust and biologically relevant routes for NO production largely remain to be defined. To elaborate cell death during an incompatible plant–pathogen interaction NO functions in combination with reactive oxygen intermediates. Furthermore, NO has been shown to regulate the activity of metacaspases, evolutionary conserved proteases that may be intimately associated with pathogen-triggered cell death. NO is also thought to function in multiple modes of plant disease resistance by regulating, through S-nitrosylation, multiple nodes of the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway. These findings underscore the key role of NO in plant–pathogen interactions.

Key words: Hypersensitive response, nitric oxide, plant disease resistance, S-nitrosylation, S-nitrosothiols

Received 19 June 2007; Revised 9 August 2007 Accepted 14 September 2007


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