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JXB Advance Access originally published online on December 12, 2007
Journal of Experimental Botany 2008 59(3):501-520; doi:10.1093/jxb/erm239
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© The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Focus Review Paper

The hypersensitive response; the centenary is upon us but how much do we know?

Luis A. J. Mur1,*, Paul Kenton1, Amanda J. Lloyd1, Helen Ougham2 and Elena Prats3

1University of Wales Aberystwyth, Institute of Biological Sciences, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 2DA, UK
2Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, UK
3Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible IAS-CSIC, Alameda del Obispo Apdo 4084, Córdoba 14080, Spain

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lum{at}aber.ac.uk

With the centenary of the first descriptions of ‘hypersensitiveness’ following pathogenic challenge upon us, it is appropriate to assess our current understanding of the hypersensitive response (HR) form of cell death. In recent decades our understanding of the initiation, associated signalling, and some important proteolytic events linked to the HR has dramatically increased. Genetic approaches are increasingly elucidating the function of the HR initiating resistance genes and there have been extensive analyses of death-associated signals, calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide, salicylic acid, and now sphingolipids. At the same time, attempts to draw parallels between mammalian apoptosis and the HR have been largely unsuccessful and it may be better to consider the HR to be a distinctive form of plant cell death. We will consider if the HR form of cell death may occur through metabolic dysfunction in which malfunctioning organelles may play a major role. This review will highlight that although our knowledge of parts of the HR is excellent, a comprehensive molecular model is still to be attained.

Key words: Hypersensitive response, pathogen, programmed cell death, resistance

Received 12 July 2007; Revised 22 August 2007 Accepted 30 August 2007


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