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JXB Advance Access originally published online on March 3, 2008
Journal of Experimental Botany 2008 59(5):1007-1011; doi:10.1093/jxb/ern004
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© The Author [2008]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

RESEARCH PAPER

A new species of Phyllopsora (Lecanorales, lichen-forming Ascomycota) from Dominican amber, with remarks on the fossil history of lichens

Jouko Rikkinen1,* and George O. Poinar, Jr2

1Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 65, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
2Department of Zoology, Cordley Hall 3029, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2914, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jouko.rikkinen{at}helsinki.fi

Phyllopsora dominicanus sp. nov. (Bacidiaceae, Lecanorales, lichen-forming Ascomycota) is described and illustrated from Dominican amber. The diagnostic features of the lichen include a minute subfolious thallus of lacinulate, ascending squamules, a well-developed upper cortex, and a net-like pseudocortex on the lower surface. The algal symbionts are unicellular green algae, forming a distinct layer immediately below the upper cortex. The fossil demonstrates that distinguishing features of Phyllopsora have remained unchanged for tens of millions of years. The fossil also provides the first detailed views of mycobiont–photobiont contacts in Tertiary green algal lichens. The mycobiont hyphae formed apical and intercalary appressoria by pressing closely against the photobiont cells. This indicates that a conserved maintenance of structure is also seen in the fine details of the fungal–algal interface.

Key words: Amber, fossil, fungi, lichen, Phyllopsora, symbiosis, Tertiary

Received 30 May 2007; Revised 30 November 2007 Accepted 21 December 2007


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