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JXB Advance Access originally published online on March 28, 2008
Journal of Experimental Botany 2008 59(6):1187-1200; doi:10.1093/jxb/ern026
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© 2008 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details)

RESEARCH PAPER

Integrated metabolite and gene expression profiling revealing phytochrome A regulation of polyamine biosynthesis of Arabidopsis thaliana

Kanokwan Jumtee1, Takeshi Bamba2, Atsushi Okazawa1,*, Eiichiro Fukusaki1 and Akio Kobayashi1

1Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
2Department of Applied Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: okazawa{at}bio.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp

In this study, metabolite profiling was demonstrated as a useful tool to plot a specific metabolic pathway, which is regulated by phytochrome A (phyA). Etiolated Arabidopsis wild-type (WT) and phyA mutant seedlings were irradiated with either far-red light (FR) or white light (W). Primary metabolites of the irradiated seedlings were profiled by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS) to obtain new insights on phyA-regulated metabolic pathways. Comparison of metabolite profiles in phyA and WT seedlings grown under FR revealed a number of metabolites that contribute to the differences between phyA and the WT. Several metabolites, including some amino acids, organic acids, and major sugars, as well as putrescine, were found in smaller amounts in WT compared with the content in phyA seedlings grown under FR. There were also significant differences between metabolite profiles of WT and phyA seedlings during de-etiolation under W. The polyamine biosynthetic pathway was investigated further, because putrescine, one of the polyamines existing in a wide variety of living organisms, was found to be present in lower amounts in WT than in phyA under both light conditions. The expression levels of polyamine biosynthesis-related genes were investigated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The gene expression profiles revealed that the arginine decarboxylase 2 (ADC2) gene was transcribed less in the WT than in phyA seedlings under both light conditions. This finding suggests that ADC2 is negatively regulated by phyA during photomorphogenesis. In addition, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 2 and 4 (SAMDC2 and SAMDC4) were found to be regulated by phyA but in a different manner from the regulation of ADC2.

Key words: Arabidopsis thaliana, gene expression profiling, metabolite profiling, phytochrome A, polyamine biosynthesis

Received 19 October 2007; Revised 17 January 2008 Accepted 18 January 2008


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