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JXB Advance Access originally published online on July 23, 2009
Journal of Experimental Botany 2009 60(13):3645-3654; doi:10.1093/jxb/erp233
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© The Author [2009]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

REVIEW-ARTICLE

Receptor-mediated signalling in plants: molecular patterns and programmes

Mahmut Tör1,*, Michael T. Lotze2 and Nicholas Holton1

1Warwick HRI, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne Campus, CV35 9EF, UK
2G. 27A Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: mahmut.tor{at}warwick.ac.uk

A highly evolved surveillance system in plants is able to detect a broad range of signals originating from pathogens, damaged tissues, or altered developmental processes, initiating sophisticated molecular mechanisms that result in defence, wound healing, and development. Microbe-associated molecular pattern molecules (MAMPs), damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), virulence factors, secreted proteins, and processed peptides can be recognized directly or indirectly by this surveillance system. Nucleotide binding-leucine rich repeat proteins (NB-LRR) are intracellular receptors and have been targeted by breeders for decades to elicit resistance to crop pathogens in the field. Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor like proteins (RLPs) are membrane bound signalling molecules with an extracellular receptor domain. They provide an early warning system for the presence of potential pathogens and activate protective immune signalling in plants. In addition, they act as a signal amplifier in the case of tissue damage, establishing symbiotic relationships and effecting developmental processes. The identification of several important ligands for the RLK-type receptors provided an opportunity to understand how plants differentiate, how they distinguish beneficial and detrimental stimuli, and how they co-ordinate the role of various types of receptors under varying environmental conditions. The diverse roles of extra-and intracellular plant receptors are examined here and the recent findings on how they promote defence and development is reviewed.

Key words: DAMPs, defence, development, MAMPs, RLK, RLP

Received 30 June 2009; Accepted 1 July 2009


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