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JXB Advance Access originally published online on July 2, 2009
Journal of Experimental Botany 2009 60(13):3797-3807; doi:10.1093/jxb/erp220
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© 2009 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details)

RESEARCH PAPER

Composite Medicago truncatula plants harbouring Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed roots reveal normal mycorrhization by Glomus intraradices

Cornelia Mrosk1, Susanne Forner1, Gerd Hause2, Helge Küster3, Joachim Kopka4 and Bettina Hause1,*

1Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany
2Biozentrum, Universität Halle, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120 Halle, Germany
3Abteilung IV-Pflanzengenomforschung, Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
4Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: bhause{at}ipb-halle.de

Composite plants consisting of a wild-type shoot and a transgenic root are frequently used for functional genomics in legume research. Although transformation of roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenes leads to morphologically normal roots, the question arises as to whether such roots interact with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the same way as wild-type roots. To address this question, roots transformed with a vector containing the fluorescence marker DsRed were used to analyse AM in terms of mycorrhization rate, morphology of fungal and plant subcellular structures, as well as transcript and secondary metabolite accumulations. Mycorrhization rate, appearance, and developmental stages of arbuscules were identical in both types of roots. Using Mt16kOLI1Plus microarrays, transcript profiling of mycorrhizal roots showed that 222 and 73 genes exhibited at least a 2-fold induction and less than half of the expression, respectively, most of them described as AM regulated in the same direction in wild-type roots. To verify this, typical AM marker genes were analysed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and revealed equal transcript accumulation in transgenic and wild-type roots. Regarding secondary metabolites, several isoflavonoids and apocarotenoids, all known to accumulate in mycorrhizal wild-type roots, have been found to be up-regulated in mycorrhizal in comparison with non-mycorrhizal transgenic roots. This set of data revealed a substantial similarity in mycorrhization of transgenic and wild-type roots of Medicago truncatula, validating the use of composite plants for studying AM-related effects.

Key words: Agrobacterium rhizogenes, arbuscular mycorrhiza, composite plants, Glomus intraradices, isoflavanoids, transcript profiling, transmission electron microscopy

Received 22 May 2009; Revised 22 May 2009 Accepted 15 June 2009


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