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JXB Advance Access originally published online on August 18, 2009
Journal of Experimental Botany 2009 60(14):4115-4127; doi:10.1093/jxb/erp244
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© 2009 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details)

RESEARCH PAPER

A single gene, AIN, in Medicago truncatula mediates a hypersensitive response to both bluegreen aphid and pea aphid, but confers resistance only to bluegreen aphid

John P. Klingler1,2,*, Ramakrishnan M. Nair3, Owain R. Edwards1 and Karam B. Singh2

1Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Entomology, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
2Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Plant Industry, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
3South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), GPO Box 397, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia

* Present address and to whom correspondence should be sent: University of California, Riverside, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. E-mail: klingler01{at}gmail.com

Biotic stress in plants frequently induces a hypersensitive response (HR). This distinctive reaction has been studied intensively in several pathosystems and has shed light on the biology of defence signalling. Compared with microbial pathogens, relatively little is known about the role of the HR in defence against insects. Reference genotype A17 of Medicago truncatula Gaertn., a model legume, responds to aphids of the genus Acyrthosiphon with necrotic lesions resembling a HR. In this study, the biochemical nature of this response, its mode of inheritance, and its relationship with defence against aphids were investigated. The necrotic lesion phenotype and resistance to the bluegreen aphid (BGA, Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji) and the pea aphid (PA, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)) were analysed using reference genotypes A17 and A20, their F2 progeny and recombinant inbred lines. BGA-induced necrotic lesions co-localized with the production of H2O2, consistent with an oxidative burst widely associated with hypersensitivity. This HR correlated with stronger resistance to BGA in A17 than in A20; these phenotypes cosegregated as a semi-dominant gene, AIN (Acyrthosiphon-induced necrosis). In contrast to BGA, stronger resistance to PA in A17, compared with A20, did not cosegregate with a PA-induced HR. The AIN locus resides in a cluster of sequences predicted to encode the CC-NBS-LRR subfamily of resistance proteins. AIN-mediated resistance presents a novel opportunity to use a model plant and model aphid to study the role of the HR in defence responses to phloem-feeding insects.

Key words: Acyrthosiphon, bluegreen aphid, H2O2, hypersensitive response, Medicago truncatula, pea aphid, phloem, plant–insect interactions, resistance, R gene

Received 27 May 2009; Revised 11 July 2009 Accepted 15 July 2009


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