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JXB Advance Access originally published online on September 4, 2009
Journal of Experimental Botany 2009 60(15):4347-4361; doi:10.1093/jxb/erp270
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© 2009 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details)

RESEARCH PAPER

Brassinosteroids interact negatively with jasmonates in the formation of anti-herbivory traits in tomato

Marcelo Lattarulo Campos1, Marcílio de Almeida1, Mônica Lanzoni Rossi2, Adriana Pinheiro Martinelli2, Celso Gaspar Litholdo Junior2, Antonio Figueira2, Fátima Teresinha Rampelotti-Ferreira3, José Djair Vendramim3, Vagner Augusto Benedito2 * and Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres1,{dagger}

1Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba-SP, 13418-900, Brazil
2Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, Piracicaba- SP, 13400-970, Brazil
3Departmento de Entomologia, Fitopatologia e Entomologia Agrícola, Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba-SP, 13418-900, Brazil

{dagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. lazaropp{at}esalq.usp.br.

Given the susceptibility of tomato plants to pests, the aim of the present study was to understand how hormones are involved in the formation of tomato natural defences against insect herbivory. Tomato hormone mutants, previously introgressed into the same genetic background of reference, were screened for alterations in trichome densities and allelochemical content. Ethylene, gibberellin, and auxin mutants indirectly showed alteration in trichome density, through effects on epidermal cell area. However, brassinosteroids (BRs) and jasmonates (JAs) directly affected trichome density and allelochemical content, and in an opposite fashion. The BR-deficient mutant dpy showed enhanced pubescence, zingiberene biosynthesis, and proteinase inhibitor expression; the opposite was observed for the JA-insensitive jai1-1 mutant. The dpyxjai1-1 double mutant showed that jai1-1 is epistatic to dpy, indicating that BR acts upstream of the JA signalling pathway. Herbivory tests with the poliphagous insect Spodoptera frugiperda and the tomato pest Tuta absoluta clearly confirmed the importance of the JA–BR interaction in defence against herbivory. The study underscores the importance of hormonal interactions on relevant agricultural traits and raises a novel biological mechanism in tomato that may differ from the BR and JA interaction already suggested for Arabidopsis.

Key words: Herbivory, hormones, Solanum lycopersicum, trichomes, zingiberene

* Present address: Genetics and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, 1090, Agricultural Science Building, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA

Received 12 June 2009; Revised 3 August 2009 Accepted 13 August 2009


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