JXB Advance Access originally published online on January 6, 2009
Journal of Experimental Botany 2009 60(2):409-422; doi:10.1093/jxb/ern320
REVIEW-ARTICLE |
Intrinsic non-symbiotic and truncated haemoglobins and heterologous Vitreoscilla haemoglobin expression in plants
1Department of Biology, PO Box 3000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland
2Institute of Microbiology, ETH-Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Soile.Jokipii-Lukkari{at}oulu.fi
To date, haemoglobins (Hbs) have been shown to exist in all kingdoms of life. The least studied and understood groups are plant non-symbiotic haemoglobins (nsHbs) and the recently found plant truncated Hbs (trHbs). From a biotechnological point of view, the best characterized and almost exclusively applied Hb is the bacterial Vitreoscilla haemoglobin (VHb). In this review, the present state of knowledge of structural features and ligand binding kinetics of plant nsHbs and trHbs and their proposed roles as oxygen carriers, oxygen sensors, and for oxygen storage, in nitric oxide (NO) detoxification, and in peroxidase activity are described. Furthermore, in order to predict the functioning of plant Hbs, their characteristics will be compared with those of the better known bacterial globins. In this context, the effects of heterologous applications of VHb on plants are reviewed. Finally, the challenging future of plant Hb research is discussed.
Key words: Bacterial globins, non-symbiotic, plant haemoglobin, truncated, Vitreoscilla haemoglobin
Received 28 August 2008; Accepted 18 November 2008