© 2009 The Author(s).
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RESEARCH PAPER |
Arabidopsis cold shock domain proteins: relationships to floral and silique development
1Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA
2Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
3Photobiology and Photosynthesis Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
4Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Present address and to whom correspondence should be sent: Monsanto Company, 110 TW Alexander Drive, RTP, NC 27709, USA. E-mail: dale.karlson{at}monsanto.com
Cold shock domain proteins (CSPs) are highly conserved from bacteria to higher plants and animals. Bacterial cold shock proteins function as RNA chaperones by destabilizing RNA secondary structures and promoting translation as an adaptative mechanism to low temperature stress. In animals, cold shock domain proteins exhibit broad functions related to growth and development. In order to understand better the function of CSPs in planta, detailed analyses were performed for Arabidopsis thaliana CSPs (AtCSPs) on the transcript and protein levels using an extensive series of tissue harvested throughout developmental stages within the entire life cycle of Arabidopsis. On both the transcript and protein levels, AtCSPs were enriched in shoot apical meristems and siliques. Although all AtCSPs exhibited similar expression patterns, AtCSP2 was the most abundantly expressed gene. In situ hybridization analyses were also used to confirm that AtCSP2 and AtCSP4 transcripts accumulate in developing embryos and shoot apices. AtCSPs transcripts were also induced during a controlled floral induction study. In vivo ChIP analysis confirmed that an embryo expressed MADS box transcription factor, AGL15, interacts within two AtCSP promoter regions and alters the respective patterns of AtCSP transcription. Comparative analysis of AtCSP gene expression between Landsberg and Columbia ecotypes confirmed a 1000-fold reduction of AtCSP4 gene expression in the Landsberg background. Analysis of the AtCSP4 genomic locus identified multiple polymorphisms in putative regulatory cis-elements between the two ecotypes. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that AtCSPs are involved in the transition to flowering and silique development in Arabidopsis.
Key words: Cold shock domain proteins, floral development, RNA binding proteins, silique development
* Present address: RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
Present address: Dartmouth College, Department of Biological Sciences, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
Received 13 August 2008; Revised 9 December 2008 Accepted 9 December 2008
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