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JXB Advance Access originally published online on March 18, 2009
Journal of Experimental Botany 2009 60(6):1555-1567; doi:10.1093/jxb/erp027
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© The Author [2009]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

RESEARCH PAPER

Extracellular invertase LIN6 of tomato: a pivotal enzyme for integration of metabolic, hormonal, and stress signals is regulated by a diurnal rhythm

Reinhard K. Proels * and Thomas Roitsch{dagger}

Lehrstuhl für pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany

{dagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: roitsch{at}biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de

To elucidate the regulation pattern of extracellular invertase LIN6 of tomato, the corresponding promoter has been cloned and the sink-tissue specific expression and its regulation by sugars, stress stimuli, growth regulators, and the diurnal rhythm is shown. The in situ analysis of transgenic tobacco plants expressing a LIN6 promoter::β-glucuronidase reporter gene fusion demonstrates LIN6 expression in sink tissues, such as pollen grains and vascular tissues of leaves and stems. LIN6 is up-regulated in close proximity to wounded tissue, and by methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid, global signals known to modulate defence/stress response. Salicylic acid on the other hand, as well as acetyl salicylic acid, suppresses LIN6 expression, supporting the fact that LIN6 is an inducible compound of the defence/stress response pathway that is antagonistically regulated by jasmonates and salicylates. Induction of the LIN6 promoter in stable transformed BY2 suspension cultures by sucrose and the growth-promoting phytohormones cytokinin and auxin along histochemical expression data, showing LIN6 expression in germinating seeds and seedlings, indicates a role of LIN6 invertase during growth processes. In addition, LIN6 is regulated by a diurnal rhythm that drives LIN6 expression in subjective dawn. Transactivation assays with circadian oscillator elements of Arabidopsis Circadian Clock Associated 1 and Late Elongated Hypocotyl demonstrate functional interaction with the LIN6 promoter.

Key words: Carbohydrate partitioning, defence response, diurnal rhythm, extracellular invertase, hormonal regulation

* Present address: Lehrstuhl für Phytopathologie, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 2, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.

Received 11 July 2008; Revised 17 January 2009 Accepted 19 January 2009


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