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Journal of Experimental Botany 2009 60(9):2481-2492; doi:10.1093/jxb/erp141
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© The Author [2009]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

REVIEW-ARTICLE

The evolution of the starch biosynthetic pathway in cereals and other grasses

Sylviane Comparot-Moss and Kay Denyer*

John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: kay.denyer{at}bbsrc.ac.uk

In most species, the precursor for starch synthesis, ADPglucose, is made exclusively in the plastids by the enzyme ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase). However, in the endosperm of grasses, including the economically important cereals, ADPglucose is also made in the cytosol via a cytosolic form of AGPase. Cytosolic ADPglucose is imported into plastids for starch synthesis via an ADPglucose/ADP antiporter (ADPglucose transporter) in the plastid envelope. The genes encoding the two subunits of cytosolic AGPase and the ADPglucose transporter are unique to grasses. In this review, the evolutionary origins of this unique endosperm pathway of ADPglucose synthesis and its functional significance are discussed. It is proposed that the genes encoding the pathway originated from a whole-genome-duplication event in an early ancestor of the grasses.

Key words: ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase, ADPglucose transporter, Brittle1, cereal grain, endosperm, genome duplication

Received 10 February 2009; Revised 3 April 2009 Accepted 9 April 2009


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