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JXB Advance Access originally published online on May 18, 2009
Journal of Experimental Botany 2009 60(9):2575-2587; doi:10.1093/jxb/erp101
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© 2009 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details)

RESEARCH PAPER

Jasmonic acid-induced volatiles of Brassica oleracea attract parasitoids: effects of time and dose, and comparison with induction by herbivores

Maaike Bruinsma1, Maarten A. Posthumus2, Roland Mumm1, Martin J. Mueller3, Joop J. A. van Loon1 and Marcel Dicke1,*

1Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands
2Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, PO Box 8026, 6700 EG Wageningen, The Netherlands
3Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Pharmazeutische Biologie, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Marcel.Dicke{at}wur.nl

Caterpillar feeding induces direct and indirect defences in brassicaceous plants. This study focused on the role of the octadecanoid pathway in induced indirect defence in Brassica oleracea. The effect of induction by exogenous application of jasmonic acid (JA) on the responses of Brussels sprouts plants and on host-location behaviour of associated parasitoid wasps was studied. Feeding by the biting–chewing herbivores Pieris rapae and Plutella xylostella resulted in significantly increased endogenous levels of JA, a central component in the octadecanoid signalling pathway that mediates induced plant defence. The levels of the intermediate 12-oxophyto-dienoic acid (OPDA) were significantly induced only after P. rapae feeding. Three species of parasitoid wasps, Cotesia glomerata, C. rubecula, and Diadegma semiclausum, differing in host range and host specificity, were tested for their behavioural responses to volatiles from herbivore-induced, JA-induced, and non-induced plants. All three species were attracted to volatiles from JA-induced plants compared with control plants; however, they preferred volatiles from herbivore-induced plants over volatiles from JA-induced plants. Attraction of C. glomerata depended on both timing and dose of JA application. JA-induced plants produced larger quantities of volatiles than herbivore-induced and control plants, indicating that not only quantity, but also quality of the volatile blend is important in the host-location behaviour of the wasps.

Key words: Brussels sprouts, cabbage, induced indirect defence, jasmonate, parasitoid host-location behaviour, octadecanoid pathway, oxylipin, volatile emission

Received 27 November 2008; Revised 16 February 2009 Accepted 10 March 2009


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