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JXB Advance Access originally published online on April 20, 2009
Journal of Experimental Botany 2009 60(9):2665-2676; doi:10.1093/jxb/erp111
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© 2009 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details)

RESEARCH PAPER

Nitrogen affects cluster root formation and expression of putative peptide transporters

Chanyarat Paungfoo-Lonhienne1,*, Peer M. Schenk1, Thierry G. A. Lonhienne2, Richard Brackin1, Stefan Meier3, Doris Rentsch3 and Susanne Schmidt1

1School of Integrative Biology, University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
2ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
3Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: chanyarat{at}uq.edu.au

Non-mycorrhizal Hakea actites (Proteaceae) grows in heathland where organic nitrogen (ON) dominates the soil nitrogen (N) pool. Hakea actites uses ON for growth, but the role of cluster roots in ON acquisition is unknown. The aim of the present study was to ascertain how N form and concentration affect cluster root formation and expression of peptide transporters. Hydroponically grown plants produced most biomass with low molecular weight ON>inorganic N>high molecular weight ON, while cluster roots were formed in the order no-N>ON>inorganic N. Intact dipeptide was transported into roots and metabolized, suggesting a role for the peptide transporter (PTR) for uptake and transport of peptides. HaPTR4, a member of subgroup II of the NRT1/PTR transporter family, which contains most characterized di- and tripeptide transporters in plants, facilitated transport of di- and tripeptides when expressed in yeast. No transport activity was demonstrated for HaPTR5 and HaPTR12, most similar to less well characterized transporters in subgroup III. The results provide further evidence that subgroup II of the NRT1/PTR family contains functional di- and tripeptide transporters. Green fluorescent protein fusion proteins of HaPTR4 and HaPTR12 localized to tonoplast, and plasma- and endomembranes, respectively, while HaPTR5 localized to vesicles of unknown identity. Grown in heathland or hydroponic culture with limiting N supply or starved of nutrients, HaPTR genes had the highest expression in cluster roots and non-cluster roots, and leaf expression increased upon re-supply of ON. It is concluded that formation of cluster roots and expression of PTR are regulated in response to N supply.

Key words: Cluster root, heathland, organic nitrogen, peptide transporters, Proteaceae, roots

Received 22 January 2009; Revised 10 March 2009 Accepted 16 March 2009


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