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JXB Advance Access published online on October 4, 2007
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/erm166
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© 2007 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details)

RESEARCH PAPER

Decreased shoot stature and grain {alpha}-amylase activity following ectopic expression of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene in transgenic wheat.

Nigel E. J. Appleford * {dagger}, Mark D. Wilkinson *, Qian Ma {ddagger}, Daniel J. Evans, Marlon C. Stone, Stephen P. Pearce, Stephen J. Powers, Stephen G. Thomas, Huw D. Jones, Andrew L. Phillips, Peter Hedden§ and John R. Lenton

Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom

§ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: peter.hedden{at}bbsrc.ac.uk

Ectopic expression of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene (PcGA2ox1) decreased the content of bioactive gibberellins (GAs) in transgenic wheat, producing a range of dwarf plants with different degrees of severity. In at least one case, a single transformation event gave rise to T1 plants with different degrees of dwarfism, the phenotypes being stably inherited over at least four generations. The dwarf phenotype, which included dark-green leaves, increased tillering and, in severe cases, a prostrate growth habit, was replicated by the application of a GA biosynthesis inhibitor to the wild type. Ear rachis length, grain set, and grain size were also decreased in the wheat transformants, compared with an azygous (null) line. The extent of post-germination {alpha}-amylase production in grains reflected the severity of the shoot phenotype of the transformants and both developmental processes were restored to normal by the application of gibberellic acid (GA3). Expression of two GA biosynthesis genes (TaGA20ox1 and TaGA3ox2) was up-regulated, and that of two {alpha}-amylase gene families ({alpha}-Amy1 and {alpha}-Amy2) down regulated, in scutella of semi-dwarf lines, compared with controls. The marked decline in transcript abundance of both {alpha}-amylase gene families in aleurone was associated with a decreased content of bioactive GAs in grains of the semi-dwarf lines.

Key words: {alpha}-Amylase, ear development, GA 2-oxidase, gene expression, gibberellin, grain size, paclobutrazol, shoot height, tillering, transgenic wheat

* These authors contributed equally to the work.

{dagger} Present address: National Blood Service, Southmead Rd., Bristol BS10 5ND, UK.

{ddagger} Present address: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.

Received 10 May 2007; Revised 22 June 2007 Accepted 26 June 2007


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