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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 53, No. 378, pp. 2249-2260, November 1, 2002
© 2002 Oxford University Press

Use of infrared thermography for monitoring stomatal closure in the field: application to grapevine

Received 18 March 2002; Accepted 4 July 2002

Hamlyn G. Jones4,1, Manfred Stoll1, Tiago Santos2, Claudia de Sousa3, M. Manuela Chaves2,3 and Olga M. Grant1

1 Division of Environmental and Applied Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, SCRI, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DN, UK
2 Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
3 Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Av. Republica, EAN. 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal

4 To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +44 (0)138 234275. E-mail: h.g.jones{at}dundee.ac.uk

This paper reviews and discusses strategies for the use of thermal imaging for studies of stomatal conductance in the field and compares techniques for image collection and analysis. Measurements were taken under a range of environmental conditions and on sunlit and shaded canopies to illustrate the variability of temperatures and derived stress indices. A simple procedure is presented for correcting for calibration drift within the images from the low-cost thermal imager used (SnapShot 225, Infrared Solutions, Inc.). The use of wet and dry reference surfaces as thresholds to eliminate the inclusion of non-leaf material in the analysis of canopy temperature is discussed. An index that is proportional to stomatal conductance was compared with stomatal measurements with a porometer. The advantages and disadvantages of a possible new approach to the use of thermal imagery for the detection of stomatal closure in grapevine canopies, based on an analysis of the temperature of shaded leaves, rather than sunlit leaves, are discussed. Evidence is presented that the temperature of reference surfaces exposed within the canopy can be affected by the canopy water status.

Key words: Key words: Energy balance, infrared thermography, infrared thermometry, leaf temperature, thermal imaging, stomatal conductance, Vitis vinifera.


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